Towards a Sustainable Energy Future: Vertical Axis in Offshore Wind

Abstract

Onshore wind energy has established itself as a mature and efficient technology, achieving a significant reduction in its Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and positioning itself as a key alternative in the transition towards renewable sources. In contrast, offshore wind energy, although it has advanced considerably in the last decade, continues to face important challenges related to its profitability and sustainability. Despite the extensive maritime spatial planning plans implemented by numerous countries, which seek to coordinate the maritime sectors involved, the deployment of offshore wind energy remains limited. In this context, floating vertical-axis wind turbines emerge as a promising alternative to overcome the technical and economic barriers of horizontal-axis wind turbines, especially in deep waters. This paper presents a case study in Spain that analyzes the evolution and performance of vertical-axis wind turbines. The results show significant advances in efficiency and operational stability , highlighting their potential to transform the offshore wind energy sector. This approach points towards more sustainable development, positioning this technology as a viable solution to global energy challenges.