Effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of perinatal anxiety: A systematic review of systematic reviews

Abstract

Background: Perinatal anxiety is highly prevalent and negatively affects maternal health, fetal development, and early bonding, highlighting the need for effective psychological interventions. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions for the treatment of antenatal and postnatal anxiety. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024559081). Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2000 and 2025 were retrieved from five databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results: Eight studies were identified. Interventions were heterogeneous, with a predominance of cognitive-behavioral approaches, including cognitive restructuring, exposure, and physiological regulation strategies, delivered in individual, group, or digital formats. Hybrid interventions incorporating mindfulness and guided online CBT programs were also reported, showing favorable outcomes. Conclusions: Psychological interventions appear to be potentially effective in reducing perinatal anxiety; however, heterogeneity and low methodological quality limit the strength of the evidence.